War Strategy

Understanding strategy

The word "strategy"in the beginning is very familiar in military circles, etymologically derived from the Greek compound word, which means troops Strategos and agein which means lead. In general, said the strategy used in military circles is often defined as the art of winning the war against the enemy with the use of force that is owned to the max. War strategy implemented a very varied country this is a lot of factors that influence such as geography, the potential of national, ideological, political, economic, social, cultural and so forth. All these factors may be cited as a means to an end. For facilities that are available will broaden or narrow the space of possible ways that can be used. More and more tools available will be many more possible ways, depending on the ability of commanders to set it in harmony.

To describe the sense strategies vary depending on the history of a nation in his experience conducting the war, the progress of science and the political approach that applies at a certain time. Some opinions about understanding the strategy of military writers, This is some Military Writer;

WAR STRATEGY CHANGE
BECOME OUR STRATEGY
PART I

WAR STRATEGY
1. Sun Tzu. He was a renowned military expert and was the first in the list of Chinese military strategist. His real name is Sun Wu and better known as Sun Tzu: The Art of Warfare, and military theory was published in the Spring and Autumn, ie (770-476). Although the word has not presented a clear strategy but that's the strategy, Sun Tzu, said: "In all fighting, the direct method can be used to hold a battle, but indirect methods will be needed to guarantee victory, then the best way is to seize the country by the enemy within intact, and without destroying captured enemy soldiers and break the enemy's resistance without carrying out a fight. To achieve such results, it takes a brilliant commander. A skillful commander said the attack when his opponent does not know what should be retained, and he accomplished in defense if his opponent does not know what was attacked.

2. Napoleon (1769-1821). Saying "Strategy is a great tactic" What is meant by Napoleon with tactics not explained, but may mean that there are similarities between the tactics with strategy: how to mobilize a force in space and time certain to achieve that goal.But of course there is a difference Between strategy and tactics, According to the above understanding is the difference from graduel. With a strategic maneuver forces driven from the base area of ​​a battlefield into a battlefield else. While tactical maneuver to move the troops on the battlefield preparation to the target area for the purpose of defeating the enemy.

3. Clausewitz (1780-1831). Saying "Strategy is the doctrine of the use of the battle to achieve the goals and tactics of war are the teachings about the doctrine of the use of armed forces in battle.. With this definition envisaged that Clausewitz actually narrow the meaning of strategy, which is limited to use solely battle., And further provide insight, That battle was the only tool of war and Achieve Goals is the only tool for strategy. The strategy outlines a plan for the war within (1) setting goals, (2) determine the range of activities to be implemented, (3) directing the campaign, and (4) means of battle which must be carried out in each campaign.

4. Yomini (1779-1869). Says: "Strategy is the art of fighting over a map covering the whole region or theater of operations. Large Tactics is the art of putting troops on the battlefield according to the nature of the terrain, deploy and execute the battle on the field, which is different from planning on the map. In the military operation there are 3 elements the interplay of (1) the element of time plays an important role even often dominates to the achievement of victory of war (2). The element of space, because every military operation should be carried out within a certain space, too. Room has a close relationship with time, because every military operation done in time and space is limited and (3) Elemental power of motion, where the speed will affect the value of time. The ability to move an increasingly large of an army, will provide more benefits for him, and with certain advantages, will have the freedom to act and move more large

5. Burne (1833-1898). Saying "The strategy is a way of bringing the enemy into the field of battle and tactics are the way to defeat" Burne see aspects of logistics as a way of bringing the troops kemedan battle, and tactics set the action. One of the problems on the one-party strategy is to force the enemy to fight, Maybe at the time and place of our own Select. The time and place chosen course is beneficial to us.
Other terms contained in this case is that we must hold the initiative and opponents are in a waiting attitude. On the other hand is resolved, how to bring our troops into a place and at the appointed time was, or in other words how to maneuver from the base troops into battle. After the troops until the operation on the field, then start trouble tactics how to use it to defeat the enemy forces. Thus saw between strategy and tactics, which, according to Burne tactic that began after the end strategy.

6. Lidder Hart. Saying "The strategy should mean the art of using military force to achieve the goal set by political policy. He criticized the opinions about the strategy that gave priority to the battle, so he said," Achieving goals is only by fighting the war is contrary to common sense. Therefore Lidder Hart continued, that the operation of the war at higher levels, which should be the responsibility of government and not the military leaders that only an executive in the operations control

7. Andre Beaufre. Says: "Strategy is the art of applying force so as to produce the most powerful contribution towards achieving the goal set by political policy. Understanding, can be applied to all the arts of war, because the traditional art of war can be divided into strategy, tactics and logistics. Tactics is the kind of art using a weapon, in the battle to produce maximum punch. Logistics is a knowledge of the debriefing and movement. Both are concerned with material factors, because they see in nature is knowledge about the equipments, as with technical knowledge. The strategy should be based on thought and giving a reason, so he is not a knowledge of the objects or appliances and fixtures are also not a political aspect.

8. Mao Tse Tung. Said: "Science Strategy relates to the law governing the war situation as a whole. Related science with the laws governing campaign and implement the campaign in the campaign. Science tactics related to the law governing the battle was applied in the battle. In relation to strategy and tactics, then Mao tse Tung said: "The strategy and tactics have a relationship with space and time, and plays a very important role in the implementation of sustained and / or guerrilla warfare. Time and space should be used to create a favorable situation of war.The situation of war, as a whole to include the whole world, the whole country or a region guerrilla stand alone. The task of science is to study the rules of war strategy, to direct the war that includes a war situation as a whole, though the task of the campaign tactics of science and science to learn the rules of war to spread the war which covers most situations. From this description shows that the difference between strategy, campaign tactics and lies only in its scope only.

9. Indonesia. Indonesia's war strategy since the proclamation of independence on August 17, 1945 has a dynamic, adjusting to the situation that developed, political and national leadership and can not be separated from the development of the global situation. We look backward for a moment, when the war of independence, how the war strategy entered into,. Bung Hatta explained. "Everyone can be terrible even if not military, that the army of the people we must seek strength in the ways of guerrilla and scorched earth. But it must be understood more deeply. Stratagem we must avoid our strengths and weaknesses of your opponent and vice versa to find and use our strengths and weaknesses of the opponent.The strength lies in the Technische uitrusting opponent and organizations that self-contained, and modern. Therefore, we avoided open battles where he can completely shed its air force, tanks, cannon, motorization and so on. Instead we should stop our properties using static defense and should make every corners of the country so that the field of battle guerrilla inexhaustible, with effenswiteit guerrilla. For all that need a lot of preparation implementation, need appropriate division of tasks, and specialization in the task. Related with the prevailing situation,. AH Nasution wrote "Military Politics is government policy regarding the preparation and conduct of the war, which determines both the bad and the size of the potential and power of war". The charge of the political military politics ngara, even beyond that determines the political strategies from the army. And in fact the minister of defense is a military political shop.
Following the flow of the history of the nation struggle to uphold and defend the sovereignty of the country's independence, the strategy embodied in the 1945 Constitution. In article 27 and article 30 of the 45 Constitution, among other states that every citizen is entitled and required to participate in advocacy efforts to the state. Each citizen is entitled and obliged to participate in national defense and security business. That the state defense and security efforts implemented through a system of defense and security of the people of the universe by the Indonesian National Army and Police of the Republic of Indonesia, as a main component and the people as a supporting force.
Then translated again in the Law No. 3 of 2002 on State Security, which clearly is also mandated to citizens in this republic. In law it is mentioned that the system of national defense is a defense system that is the universe that involves all citizens, territories, and other national resources, and prepared at an early stage by the government and held in total, integrated, directed, and continues to uphold sovereignty state, territorial integrity, and safety of the entire nation from all threats. The nature of national defense is defensive efforts which are universal implementation is based on awareness of the rights and obligations of citizens as well as confidence in their own strength.
To realize the policy of many law devices,regulations to support the defense system of the people of the universe. However, the policies of a political product of a long waiting phase, vice versa for the soldiers from the lowest rank to highest readiness for each of the second war is the priority.Very classic motto "If you want peace prepare war." Strategy, tactics and techniques continue to be prepared every second, each beat of your breath for the continuation of state.
Strategies, Tactics and Techniques.

Understanding the different expert opinions about the war strategy that strategy, tactics and techniques is a way of carrying out a war that difference is well within the scope of the review period, the level of unity and breadth of operational areas. In an environment of military education was formulated that: Sstrategy in studying science and art of the use of equipment and power tools to achieve the goal. Tactics a way of using power tools and equipment as determined by the strategy. While the technique, a way which is determined by the tactics. Visualizing differences in strategy, tactics and techniques will be reflected in the education / training the military.
Each candidate soldiers whether to subordinate soldiers, NCO or officer who once trained first is a matter of individual movement techniques such as, apart pairs gun, shoot, cross-field and so forth. Then followed training in relationships such as team unity, platoon or even greater degree. When the soldier has engaged in such a small entity relationship squad, platoon tactics problems have started to be trained how to attack, defense and ambushes carried out. . A wide variety of tactics carried out in accordance with the level of unity it is called in a tactical exercise in the assault platoon, platoon tactics in defense or a greater level of brigade in the attack, the brigade in the defense
If a larger exercise that usually refers to the Joint Exercise between the Army (Army, Navy, Air Forces) and then became the main strategy of the major problems how to deal with an aggressor attacks threaten national sovereignty.It is true what is said by Yomini that "Strategy is the art of fighting over a map that covers the entire region or theater of operations. Tactics is the art of putting troops on the battlefield according to the nature of the spread, terrain, and do battle on the field, which is different from the plan on a map of The General, / Marshal / Admiral control all movement on the map above operations plus all-round development of digital technology all unitary control can be monitored in audio and visual.
In this joint exercise will clearly describe the relationship between strategy, tactics and techniques that provide support to one another.No benefit strategy when the ability of the captains of the subordinate officers as tactical forces do not have the initiative to maneuver on the battlefield and the soldiers do not have the technical ability in the cross-field and destroy the enemy with the tip of a bayonet. Conversely, if war can be won not be denied at all levels perform their functions. This has been described by Burne that "Strategy is a way of bringing the enemy into the field of battle and tactics are the way to defeat it.
Characteristics of War Strategy.

War strategy is as old as human life, in accordance with the development of human progress in thought to make ends meet once thought to defend Himself, his group and his country. Now the strategy of war continue to be developed.Beside the technology Contribute significantly to facilitate good war or a war a war of physical form of psychology. However, the characteristics of war remain valid today, as outlined below:
1. Setting goals. War strategy must define the desired goals because goals will influence government policy in preparing the country's armed forces for war.
2. Estimating the ability of the opponent. Strategy War threats that might try to estimate and predict the opponent's ability to continuously follow every move of the opponent.
3. Estimating the strength of its own. War strategy must consider the capacity yourself, calculate the national potential in particular the potential for a war that can be mobilized at any time
4. Estimating the state of Environment. War Strategy notice state of environment as a venue for war in a broad scope Such as geostrategy, geopolitics That Affect will from both the Opposition and his own party.
5. Taking into account the factors of space and time. War strategy must consider space and time are available as both have close links related to each other.
6. Estimating an alternative way of acting. Prepared War strategy is based on conditions prevailing then analyzed include motion analysis,axis analysis, dynamic analysis and formulate alternatives that must be done to counteract or destroy the enemy. in order to achieve those objectives
7. Develop the stages of activity. Strategy War never stop as long as the country still exist and therefore a strategy to focus on dividing the steps in the phase-phase should be done to achieve goals

Characteristics tactics
The military education is taught that the tactics of how to use power tools and equipment specified by the strategy. Therefore, although both have the same meaning that is the way but their points of view and space scope is different. It can be described as follows;
1. Setting goals. Tactics formulate goals called basic tasks as translation command a higher command or initiative based on field commanders of the situation. Main tasks are formulated in one complete sentence that answers the who, what, when, where and in what order closed with the emphasis should be on the order of the following activities
2. Estimating the ability of the opponent. Tactics always pay attention to the ability of opponents to be faced with combat intelligence to conduct reconnaissance patrols shaped so knowing concretely how the power of the enemy, his position, the structure of combat, the equipment if possible circumstances troop morale, and the possibility of reinforcements.
3. Calculating the power of its own. Tactics require menghitung own strength of his troops as comparison material on the ability of opponents, including the possibility of neighboring troops and commandos of which will strengthen.
4. Estimating the state of Environment. Tactics are not talking about a wide environment but of special concern is the state of terrain and weather conditions in place will force maneuver. Aspects of the field under consideration is the terrain of criticism, review and field firing range, protected review / fire protection, road approach and obstacles. While aspects of weather including air temperature, wind. temperature and precipitation.
5. Taking into account the factors of space and time. Not unlike the strategy, tactics have to consider space and time are available as both have close links related to each other. Therefore, the planning time is always during the early stages of planning so that all activity of operations H and Hours A Day has been determined from the beginning.
6. Estimating an alternative way of acting. Not unlike the strategy of tactics based on the prevailing conditions both mkeadaan enemy and then dianlisis include motion analysis, axis analysis, dynamic analysis and formulate alternatives to be That must be done to counteract or destroy the enemy. in order to Achieve those objectives. This is where the key point in analyzing the ability of commanders to act the way I act alone confronts possibility dihadapakan with the possibility of acting Opposite Way. So found a way to act best with answers on how to attack / defenseperformed
7. Develop the stages of activity. Tactics also develop phase-phase, depending on the extent of area of ​​responsibility, time terseia and what activities will be conducted. Surely the preparation stages of attack and defense will be different.

The description above gives a brief overview how the strategy undertaken by the Armed Forces of any country. Each country has its own advantages so that no country is the strongest and most dominant all have weak points. Maybe a lot of people say the most superior United States armed forces both on land, sea and air. But history proves that America may win battles but not necessarily win the war. The fact proves That the United States has not been Able to control Iraq, Afghanistan in full and the resistance to this day continues to go on war tactics. It is true that Sun Tzu says that the best way to ensure a victory it is to seize the country by the enemy in one piece, and captured enemy soldiers without destroying and breaking the enemy's resistance without carrying out a fight
Now the technology of war continues to grow, as long as humans developing world continue to seek new solutions to win the war. But the principles remain the strategy held firm, staying longer art warlords to regulate the rhythm of the war to an end.
PART II

OUR STRATEGY
Comprehension Strategies We

Understanding the war strategy as described above, further developed, the strategy is not only required at the time of the war, but also in times of peace. The strategy not only used in military circles, but for us all. Every day in human life strategy is needed therefore not have a strategy of war but the army is for us all. Anyone can use the word "my strategy", "your strategy" for the sake of convenience we call it "OUR STRATEGY"
The term strategy is almost no limit anyone can wear them. Let's look at interviews journalist to a badminton player who had just won the game:
Reporter: Hello, congratulations you have won this match with great difficulty, what is your strategy when you are depressed then you can regardless of the pressure?
Badminton player: Thank you all your prayers . Indeed, at first I was very depressed and smash the opponent who always makes my right rear corner of difficulty to return it after a while I think ahead and I quickly changed strategy by not giving the opponent the opportunity to perform smash and I did a short ball and the opponent was forced to lift the ball and I turned to smash. And finally I hold the initiative and win
We hear all this talk of two traders
Mr Ahmad: I heard from your friend, that a few years ago you often had difficulty in marketing your products? And now I see your products flooding the market and the talk of the crowd, what strategy you use so That your company is not only still exist and even Prosper exist
Mr. Nasir: Alhamdulillah. God bless my efforts. No grandiose strategy I believe in God that God pity the people who are honest and responsible and keep their promises. I am always honest with my customers and be responsible if any damage to goods due to negligence of my company and I tried to keep their promises to both the suppliers and distributors. With this simple strategy to date as you see me selling goods on the market, competitors' Well I seem to confused
Lately Head of the Regional Electoral atmosphere both the District and Provincial level, with a lively place. Certainly there are losers and there is a win. One of the candidates have a major defeat. whereas prior to the implementation of the elections is expected to earn the victory. In the evaluation of the dialogue occurs.
Questioner: We were surprised that we will defeat nature, to see the results of our poll are always seeded. Where is the error "our strategy" so that we are failing, let alone finished runner-up winner jai was not, how ni ya.
Opinion A: There are no weaknesses "our strategy" it feels just right from planning to execution Seems just wrong, that certainly in. We lied to by the Commission, and the nuances of political money seems so rampant in all lines
Opinion B: It's not cheating, because it was a landslide defeat, the bags that we expect far superior but missed. I has an assurance that something is wrong in managing strategy. When it comes to political money alone honest we did, maybe we are lacking a lot.
Opinions C. True there is something wrong in our camp, We May always insulted with the results of the poll, We do not hear people's opinions in real terms. We're only hearing of the formal meeting. And certainly We Are less successful control of the team, too trusting and for sure Also there is a gap in the preparation strategy,we only calculate the strength of their own and do not dare admit our weaknesses, and we are preoccupied with ourselves and forget to move your opponent. We never read a competitor's strategy, and we are busy with excellence and forget the drawbacks.
Three of this dialogue is imagination but the reality on the ground must occur. Three of this dialogue illustrates that the strategy needed in the movement of individuals, groups or large organizations. Strategies are needed by the military, athletes, merchants and even politicians. People do not care this is the strategy or tactics in this important and this is a strategy
"OUR STRATEGY"
The use of strategies and strategy types.
Prof. Dr. Sondra P Siagian in his management of the national development process claim, that the use of the term strategy in the context of national development was indeed no relevance because the national development is the increasing ability to win the war. "In which a conscious state and nation and by choice involved for the fight against poverty, misery, injustice and other social ills. In conjunction with wisdom Prof. Dr. Sondra P Siagian said that the term strategic policy and in the same breath as the very closely related, both in terms of the terms of its formulation and in terms of its opersionalisasi in Achieving the objectives of a nation and state.
About the types of strategies according to Prof. Dr. Sondra P Siagian in his book Modern Management Events Calendar, explained there are 5 types of strategies are:
First: The classification is based on the scope, ie
a. Master strategy, which includes basic mission, goals and objectives and public policy.
b. Program strategy. A narrower scope of coverage above and only include things that are formulated in the field of use of existing sources of good energy, physical infrastructure and other facilities in order to achieve the basic goals of the organization.
c. Sub Strategy, for a more narrow scope again, in a sense it is related to the business operational.
Second: Also cans Strategy be classified on the basis of the level of validity Within the organization, Such as;
a. Authority headquarters
b. Powers Branch
c. Division of authority, his etc..
Third: Another strategy is also known for his strategy is based on objects, such as material resources, personnel, finance and so forth.
Fourth: The strategy can also be classified based on the purpose and function of the strategy. For example
a. Organization's growth strategy
b. Marketing strategy
c. Production Strategy
d. Etc.
Fifth: The strategy of the manager. These strategies Arise as a result the adopted philosophy of life, motivation, mobilization techniques subordinates and the like are held by a manager of the WHO in turn form the "style " of leadership.
ONCE AGAIN ABOUT "OUR STRATEGY"
Aalthough the strategy we are always associated with the military problems of the which is strongly associated with the art and science.Now science has the meaning and role of strategy is very important for every organization in order to achieve its objectives.
1. The Commander of the War is always proactive against the prevailing conditions to guarantee the future, it is no different for the head of the organization more proactive in looking to the future
2. The strategy provides a long-term direction to be addressed.
3. Strategies help organizations adapt to the environment
4. With the operational strategy is more effective and efficient organization. With a small sacrifice that reap huge profits
5. With the strategy of helping organizations to identify opportunities, barriers strengths and weaknesses. A strategist can see the environmental situation quickly and accurately
6. With strategies facilitate decision-making process undertaken organizational leadership
7. Strategies to integrate the activities of the various components to the goals and objectives that have been determined.